Taiwan, an island located in the western Pacific, covers a total area of 36,191 square kilometers. The vast majority of this land area is made up of the main island, Taiwan, which stretches about 394 kilometers from north to south and reaches up to 144 kilometers at its widest point from east to west. The island's shape has often been compared to both a tobacco leaf and a sweet potato due to its distinct and elongated form. Taiwan's geography is unique and incredibly diverse, with a combination of mountains, plains, and coastal areas that contribute to the island's natural beauty.

​

The western part of Taiwan is known for its well-watered plains, making it ideal for farming. Historically, agriculture played a significant role in the economy, but today, it is no longer the dominant sector. Instead, Taiwan has evolved into a highly industrialized and technology-driven nation. Despite this shift, the fertile soil and temperate climate of the west continue to support the island's agricultural activities, which include rice cultivation, vegetable farming, and fruit production.

In contrast, the eastern half of Taiwan is rugged and mountainous, providing a stark contrast to the flat plains of the west. The island's mountainous backbone, which stretches almost the entire length of Taiwan, is home to over 258 peaks that rise above 3,000 meters (9,842 feet). These highlands not only provide stunning panoramic views, but also house an impressive variety of plant and animal life, making them vital to Taiwan's ecological diversity.

Due to the mountainous terrain, traveling from the western plains to the eastern coast is a slow and challenging process. However, the journey rewards travelers with some of the most breathtaking scenery on the island, including dramatic cliffs, deep valleys, and pristine forests. Much of Taiwan's highland region is covered by lush forests that are home to diverse ecosystems, providing a sanctuary for many of the island's native species.

​

Among Taiwan's natural treasures are its national parks, including the renowned Taroko Gorge and Yushan National Park, which showcase the island's alpine beauty. These parks are not only important for conservation but also serve as popular tourist destinations, attracting visitors with their awe-inspiring landscapes and opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, birdwatching, and photography.

This combination of varied topography, from fertile plains to rugged mountains, coupled with Taiwan's rich cultural history, makes the island a truly unique and valuable part of the world. The diverse environments also provide critical habitats for a wide range of wildlife, many of which are endemic to Taiwan, highlighting the importance of preserving these ecosystems for future generations.